@Beau Ford, Thanks for posting in Q&A.
From your description, I know when you add your work account to company portal but get the error.
Firstly, please check your new pc's edition, because Windows home cannot enroll in Intune and will get the same error.
Or you can try the methods below to solve your issue.
Non-official, just for reference.
Since the latest version of Windows 11 is currently 23H2 and your device version is 24H2, which may not be in the list of device platforms currently supported by Intune, and you also did a test with another device and didn't encounter the problem, it's highly likely that you are experiencing the problem because of your device version, and if you would like to investigate the issue in depth, we recommend that you open case to get more detailed help.
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/mem/get-support
Hope above information can help you.
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