You can use a Global Catalog server to search the entire forest. Use the -Server parameter and add ":3268" (the GC port number) at the end of the server name.
For example:
Get-ADUser -Identity "someuser" -Server GCServerName:3268
To use the UPN instead of using the -Identity parameter and being restricted to using a DN, GUID, SID, or sAMAccountName, use -Filter instead. The drawback to using -Filter is that if it fails to find a match it won't throw an exception so you have to check to see if there was anything returned instead of relying on "-ErrorAction Stop" and Try/Catch.