Hi @BC,
Thank you for posting to Microsoft Community.
Based on your description, I understand that you are confused about the various types of Calendars.
However, if you want a simple calendar that allows owners to manage access rights.
You can share the Calendar with who you want as the following link Share and access a calendar as view-only in Outlook - Microsoft Support.
Also, as you said, the shared mailbox calendar can meet what you want, but you have some problems when using the Add-MailboxFolderPermission command.
You could refer to Add-MailboxFolderPermission (ExchangePowerShell) | Microsoft Learn for more information about the command.
If my answer is helpful to you, please mark it as the answer so that other users can refer to it. Thank you for your support and understanding.