The issues fixed in CU16 are not for on-premise Exchange scenario.
Just found a similar issue wiith CU17: https://www.reddit.com/r/exchangeserver/comments/iphn9a/cant_get_into_owa_after_cu17_update/
Please Note: Since the web site is not hosted by Microsoft, the link may change without notice. Microsoft does not guarantee the accuracy of this information.
Please refer to official doc for Samesite cookie issue and wait for next fix: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/office365/troubleshoot/miscellaneous/chrome-behavior-affects-applications#recommendations
If an Answer is helpful, please click "Accept Answer" and upvote it.
Note: Please follow the steps in our documentation to enable e-mail notifications if you want to receive the related email notification for this thread.