Hello aeteq,
from the Microsoft official document,
Azure Data Factory Managed Airflow periodically provide new versions of Apache Airflow. The ADF Managed Airflow team will auto-update and patch the minor versions.
This means that you do not need to worry about upgrading to the latest version while running the airflow, as the ADF team will take care of version upgrades.
However if there is a need for manual upgrades, ADF team will publish documentation for the same.
I hope this answers your question. Please let me know if you have any further questions.