MDM and MAM are managed by management solutions such as Intune. Azure Security Center allows you to use both built-in and custom policies to ensure compliance for your organization.
Intune MDM and MAM policies are separate from security center policies, and Intune also has endpoint security policies.
The difference between MDM and MAM is that MDM is about the control of devices such smartphones and tablets, whereas MAM is focused on specific corporate applications. MAM also controls device data but also allows for more granular control at the application level. The differences are covered in this Microsoft overview, Differences between MDM and MAM.
I've re-tagged this under "Intune" as this is more related to Intune than Azure Security Center.