In my experience, to include a mention in an Adaptive Card your apps to include the following elements:
1.<at>username</at> in the supported adaptive card elements
2.The mention object inside of an msteams property in the card content, which includes the Team user id of the user being
mentioned.
For more reference here:
https://powerusers.microsoft.com/t5/Building-Flows/Ms-Teams-Mentions-in-adaptive-cards/td-p/520520
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