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I have encountered a similar issue and found that the error "Failed to fetch" often occurs when the SQL server is behind a firewall, restricting access.
The issue might be due to your SQL server being behind a firewall, which is restricting access and causing Azure Search to fail when attempting to connect to the database data source.
To resolve this, set the Public network access to Selected Netwoks
in the networking of respective server.
Ensure that the Allow Azure services and resources to access this server
option is checked to enable easy access to this server by Azure services.
If still issue persist it might be internal issue, then it's better to raise a Support ticket for your issue.
Reference: Create Index for Full Text Search using Azure Cognitive Service and Azure SQL Database
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