Hi @Martin , unfortunately you cannot whitelist your origin domain by forcing login.microsoftonline.com to send out the Access-Control-Allow-Origin header with your origin domain as a response to the SAML request. This is because the Access-Control-Allow-Origin header is controlled by the server, and it is up to the server to decide which domains are allowed to access its resources.
Have you seen this thread? It may help you with some solutions.
Please let me know if you have any questions and I can help you further.
If this answer helps you please mark "Accept Answer" so other users can reference it.
Thank you,
James