From what I understand, you can use Pass through auth to do this:
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/hybrid/how-to-connect-pta-faq
I would also look at HMA:
Exchange ActiveSync clients (e.g., iOS11 Mail)
Exchange ActiveSync
For Exchange ActiveSync clients that support modern authentication, you must recreate the profile in order to switch from basic authentication to modern authentication.