@Benedikt Schmitt Thanks for your patience on this. I am summarizing our above discussion and posting the same as answer for the benefit of other community members.
Issue:
Customer is facing an issue while creating a web job in a Linux container-based web app. The process is failing with a "Bad Request" error message. They are now exploring the possibility of creating the web job from a remote storage account.
Solution:
I have checked with the internal team, and they have confirmed that you need to have the app setting "WEBSITES_ENABLE_APP_SERVICE_STORAGE" value to true to create the web job on Linux app services and creating the web job from the remote storage account is not supported.
Customer has switched to function app instead of a web app based on their requirement.
Hope this helps, let me know if you have any further questions on this.
Please accept as "Yes" if the answer is helpful so that it can help others in the community.