Hello @Sergio Londono,
Thank you for posting your query on Microsoft Q&A.
Based on your description, I understand that your main objective is to block access to cloud resources for users accessing them from any public internet/IP address, except for the GSA Internet. This should only apply target Windows device platforms.
From the screenshot you provided, it appears that you have configured conditions for the device platform and locations. In the device platform section, I noticed that you have enabled the setting to include any device platform but have excluded Windows. To properly target Windows devices with your policy, you should configure it to include only Windows devices instead of including all devices and excluding Windows.
This is the main reason why the Conditional Access (CA) policy is not applying to user sign-ins when they access it from outside GSA network.
To resolve this issue, I recommend modifying your policy to include only Windows devices in the device platform section and test the policy.
I hope this information is helpful. Please feel free to reach out if you have any further questions.
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Thanks,
Raja Pothuraju.