@Dietz, Justin
Thank you for posting in Microsoft Q&A forum.
I have the same client version 5.00.9040.1015 with you.
Your query used the class SMS_G_System_SMS_ADVANCED_CLIENT_STATE, when I check the class, it shows all the componets' version, and not one match the 5.00.9040.1015, so the query will return nothing.
We can use the discovery class SMS_R_System as an alternative, so we can click "Show Query Language" and paste the following query, then we can get the device collection with client version 5.00.9040.1015:
select SMS_R_SYSTEM.ResourceID,SMS_R_SYSTEM.ResourceType,SMS_R_SYSTEM.Name,SMS_R_SYSTEM.SMSUniqueIdentifier,SMS_R_SYSTEM.ResourceDomainORWorkgroup,SMS_R_SYSTEM.Client
from SMS_R_System
WHERE SMS_R_System.ClientVersion = "5.00.9040.1015"
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