By the way, in case this is helpful for anyone coming across this thread, in my case there was an error on the blue screen:
Stop code: DRIVER UNLOADED WITHOUT CANCELLING PENDING OPERATIONS
What failed: edrdrv.sys
After some investigation this was identified as part of the Xcitium (Comodo) EDR client. I was able to:
Boot the server 2019 system into safe mode.
Enable Windows Installer in safe mode by running these commands in an elevated command prompt (I really only needed the first):
REG ADD “HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\SafeBoot\Minimal\MSIServer” /VE /T REG\_SZ /F /D “Service”
REG ADD “HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\SafeBoot\Network\MSIServer” /VE /T REG\_SZ /F /D “Service”
Uninstall the Xcitium EDR client.
Reboot normally
Problem was solved for now - need to contact Xcitium for solution.