Hello
Thank you for posting in Microsoft Community forum.
It sounds like you're having trouble with Windows Update on a fresh install of Windows Home Server 2011. Here are a few steps you can try to resolve the issue:
Check Date and Time Settings: Ensure that the date and time settings on your server are correct. Incorrect settings can cause issues with Windows Update.
Update Internet Explorer: Since you mentioned that you can't reach any Microsoft sites in IE, try updating Internet Explorer to the latest version supported by Windows Home Server 2011.
Run Windows Update Troubleshooter: Use the built-in Windows Update Troubleshooter to identify and fix problems with Windows Update. You can find it in the Control Panel under "Troubleshooting".
Check for Corrupt Files: Run the System File Checker (sfc /scannow) to check for and repair any corrupt system files. This can sometimes resolve issues with Windows Update.
Use the System File Checker tool to repair missing or corrupted system files - Microsoft Support
Manually Install Updates: If Windows Update still doesn't work, you can manually download and install updates from the Microsoft Update Catalog website.
Best Regards,
Wesley Li