Hello tijithomas,
Thank you for posting in Microsoft Community forum.
Hope the information provided by Mr. Trust_A is helpful to you.
Here are my suggestions for your reference.
1.How did you restore your Domain Controller?
Recommend way is to use Windows built-in back up tool to perform backup operation and restore operation on Domain Controller.
2.How many DCs are there in your Domain?
Do you have the only one Windows Server 2012 R2 domain controller, then you restored it? Or you have more than one DC (Windows Server 2012 R2 domain controller), then you restore this DC into domain?
If you have only this one Windows Server 2012 R2 domain controller, then you restored it, you should check if this DC itself work fine or not. You can run Dcdiag /v on this DC to check the result.
If you have more than one DC, you should not only check DC function itself on each DC, but also check the AD replication between all DCs in the domain.
repadmin /showrepl >c:\repsum1.txt
repadmin /replsum >c:\repsum2.txt
repadmin /showrepl * /csv >c:\repsum.csv
3.You can also check the AD ports on both AD and clients.
Active Directory and Active Directory Domain Services Port Requirements
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2008-R2-and-2008/dd772723(v=ws.10)?redirectedfrom=MSDN
Active Directory Replication over Firewalls
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-2000-server/bb727063(v=technet.10)?redirectedfrom=MSDN
Hope the information above is helpful. If you have any question or concern, please feel free to let us know.
4.What DNS server did you configure as Preferred DNS server on this client?
If you set IP address of this restored DC as Preferred DNS server on this client (assume it is also a DNS server), you can change IP of another DNS server as Preferred DNS server on this client, and then check if you can join domain.
Hoe the information above is helpful. If you have any question or concern, please feel free to let us know.
Best Regards,
Daisy Zhou