The C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows\Containers
folder stores container-related data, including images, writable layer files, and logs for Windows Containers. It is primarily used by Docker or other container runtimes on Windows. Deleting this folder without properly stopping and removing containers can lead to system instability, broken containerized applications, or the need to reinstall container services. If space is a concern, consider using docker system prune -a
to safely remove unused containers, images, and volumes instead of manually deleting files.
I gather majority of space is used by cached images - these can be safely removed if any of the currently running/provisioned containers are not using them.
More at https://stackoverflow.com/questions/43588935/docker-for-windows-cleanup
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hth
Marcin