Hi Vishesh,
I was able to replicate the scenario in my lab environment.
OS Disk: Initially I had only OS disk for my ubuntu vm
and the partition inside vm looks like below
Data Disk: Later i attached a data disk to my vm with 64gb. You can check the data disk sdc inside a vm 64gb.
Later, i increased the size of data disk in Azure portal from 64gb to 128gb. You can observe the increase of data disk sdc from 64gb to 128gb inside vm.
The sdb is a temporary disk provided by Azure (commonly /dev/sdb on Linux) as it is not shown in the Azure portal's Disks blade and cannot be managed through the portal.
Please check below documentation for more information,
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-machines/linux/attach-disk-portal
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