How to fix activation error 0x87E10BC6 with Windows Server 2022 Previously activated successfully

Question

We had a working, activated server running Windows Server 2022. I have the product key that was used to activate it. Recently, in error, one of my associates added a role Volume Activation services with the idea of using the server as a key management server. Immediately they recognized the mistake and removed the role. However, after this, the server now shows as Not Activated in the list of servers in Server Manager. I have tried activating using the original product key, using different methods - Settings, Activate Windows, slmgr with input key and ato, and dism. All methods fail with the above0x87E10BC6 error. The description of this error is:

Something prevented us from communicating with our Activation servers.

How do I restore the server to its Activated status?