If your webhost provider doesn't support hosting ASP.NET apps then there is nothing you can do to make this work. Your app would require that the host you're running on have the ASP.NET v4 runtime installed. If it isn't installed then your app cannot run. You should get concrete information from them about what web frameworks they support. If they only support static sites (html) and PHP then you are limited to those options.
Master pages are an ASP.NET Web Forms thing. If you aren't able to use webforms then master pages won't work.