Hi @Marc Metzger,
Based on your query, I understand that you would like to fix the duplicate attribute issue and encountered different issue while performing it.
To diagnose the issue, you can follow this document: Diagnose and remediate duplicated attribute sync errors.
As you have already found the issue is with duplicate attribute, you can go through this document: Duplicate or invalid attributes prevent directory synchronization in Microsoft 365.
By using the above document, you can find what are the user account that have the same proxy address in on-premises, and you can remove one of it to make sure there is no conflict. You can search in AD using the same proxy address and check the status, else go through the commands and information provided in the document. There is no requirement of changing the source anchor value for this if you could find the conflicting user account on the issue.
Regarding "Missing resource ``access for the Microsoft_Azure_ADHybridHealth extension
", I would recommend you update the Entra connect, which might fix the issue. We have seen such error back in January and the issue got solved once users have upgraded to newer version.
I hope this information is helpful. Please feel free to reach out if you have any further questions.
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