I have a similar problem. I haven't changed my Visual Studio Pro 22 installation, but from one day to the next, I was unable to add “Docker Support” to projects or start existing and functioning projects in Docker.
I only get a pop-up error message saying “Illegal characters in path” or "An error occurred while adding Docker File support to this project. Illegal characters in path." without any additional information, e.g., via the console.
I have repaired and reinstalled Visual Studio Pro 22, as well as reset and reinstalled Docker Desktop.
No changes have been made to any configurations or environment variables. My colleagues do not have this problem.