Hello Katy,
Thanks for using the Q&A platform.
I understand your account no longer has Microsoft Authenticator linked to it due to a phone change.
I recommend that you reset your MFA for the user account with which you are trying to log in with the help of another Global Administrator in the tenant.
They can achieve this by selecting the Require re-register multifactor authentication option in Azure.
For more details: Manage user authentication
If you don’t have another global administrator and you are the only global admin available to reset your registered MFA, this scenario would fall under a tenant lockout.
To resolve the issue, kindly raise a support ticket with the Data Protection team to unblock your access: https://portal.azure.com/#view/Microsoft_Azure_Support/HelpAndSupportBlade/~/overview
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Regards,
Obinna.