I was able to resolve this by enabling Controlled Folder via the Group Policy Management Editor interface. I originally used the PowerShell Command per https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-endpoint/enable-controlled-folders?WT.mc_id=Portal-Microsoft_Azure_Security:
Set-MpPreference -EnableControlledFolderAccess Enabled
This did not work per the documentation, so I had to set this manually as follows: