The Recording Audio troubleshooter runs till it lists the hardware available. Here, it lists the external microphone (that is not connected), but the local where it should list the internal array is blank (although selectable). After this, the troubleshooter crashes.
One option you could try instead would be to use the PowerShell equivalent while using Administrator: Windows PowerShell (e.g. to ensure that the troubleshooter was being executed while elevated). It may give a different perspective to your "crash" symptom too.
CD $env:windir\Diagnostics\System\Audio
$P = Get-TroubleshootingPack .
Invoke-TroubleshootingPack $P -Result $env:TEMP\TA
You will see the prompts as numeric inputs. Then when you are done you can go to the Result location to find some reports. IE can be used to find them by AutoComplete in the Address bar and will partially interpret them for you.
HTH
Robert