In thinking about it a little more, this is what I think I've found.
The problem is DNS. My DNS resolver is Cloudfare which resolves aka.ms to 184.87.56.190. Using Cloudfare, the cert returned for aka.ms is issued to frontier-dev.amazon.com. Checking a different resolver yields one of several different addresses whose site provides a certificate issued to go.microsoft.com.
Edge give a warning but still downloads using this certificate. So I think, changing the DNS from Cloudfare should solve the problem. I will give it a shot and report if it works.
Thanks for all the help!