The error that actually makes the install fail is the following :
Database error. MPInfra_p_ManagementPackInstall failed with exception:
Maximum stored procedure, function, trigger, or view nesting level exceeded (limit 32)
There is an older thread on technet forums with the same issue, where it seems to be because of an incorrect version of SQL : https://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/8c9e91ee-a414-48ed-aae1-ebf83182cb83/unable-to-install-operation-manager-operational-database-configuration-failed-to-install?forum=operationsmanagerdeployment
Your log indicates that you're running SQL version 15.0.2080.9 which is SQL 2019, but that doesn't really match with the version of any CU, so could you tell us what CU is installed? You need at least CU 8 in order to use SQL 2019.