Hello Robert,
What is status of "Windows Insider Service"?
- Click Windows logo and type services
- Scroll down to Windows Insider Service
- It should be set manual.
By disabling this service I could re-create that 0x0 error, changing that service back to manual I could link that PC to Insider program without errors.
One way you can try is to download latest insider preview ISO, mount it (double click or right click, select mount) and run setup.exe on created virtual CD/DVD drive to start in-place update.
You can download ISO from here:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/software-download/windowsinsiderpreviewiso
If that page doesn't open correctly then click browser refresh button.
If something goes wrong then system may automatic restore to previous version or you have 10 days window to launch "Restore to previous version".
Just in case it would be good idea to take disk image of your currently installed system to external USB disk. If later on insider program you encounter some serious issues and your only option to get out of program is clean install then this disk image save you lot of time to get back on track with released version.
For making disk image (and USB recovery tool!!!) you can use free Macrium Reflect.