I assume you got the 22631.2361 ISO.
Yes I did; I created a bootable flash drive using Rufus.
I also got most of your listed updates by repeatedly running 'Check for Updates' and KB5030310 wasn't offered again.
I think you just got a timing problem with W.U.
I just did a clean install and did not get any attempt to download or install KB5030310 with W.U. 🤷♂️
B.T.W.
I never use Rufus to create my install media, I just use a regular FAT32 USB flash and split the install.wim to get files below the 4GiB limit for fat32. 😉
To split install.wim to install.swm and install2.swm:
Dism /Split-Image /ImageFile:D:\Temp\install.wim /SWMFile:D:\Temp\install.swm /FileSize:4000