Please give a screenshot of the detailed error message including the error code if there is to better troubleshoot your issue.
Based on your description, I have two questions as below.
- Do you fail to sign into OneDrive client or OneDrive for web?
- Can you sign into OneDrive online with this account successfully?
If you can sign into OneDrive for web, please try to Reset OneDrive, then go to Windows Settings>Accounts>Access work or school>Disconnect the account, in the search bar, type Credential Manager and open it, delete the credentials related to the account, then restart your PC and set up OneDrive. - Can you sign into OneDrive with this account on another computer?
If yes, uninstall OneDrive on your computer then reinstall it.
Maybe this has been disabled by the administrator of your organization.
You could try to contact the administrator to check.
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