I installed Visio Standard 2016 and Visio Professional 2019 on my computer to check, I find that as PaulHerber-6778 said, there is no Data option on the Visio Standard ribbon and it is available in Visio Professional.
Visio Standard 2016:
And there is no Data in File>Options>Customize Ribbon.
For question 1, you can see Ribbon components of Visio Standard 2016 as below screenshot.
Visio Professional 2019:
And you can find Data in File>Options>Customize Ribbon.
For question 2 and 3, please check the answer given by PaulHerber-6778.
Hope the information could be helpful to you.
If an Answer is helpful, please click "Accept Answer" and upvote it.
Note: Please follow the steps in our documentation to enable e-mail notifications if you want to receive the related email notification for this thread.