Please refer to the following steps to meet your requirements:
1)Go to Site Pages library, click Manage alerts option at library level:
2)Go to the new alert page by selecting the "Add alert" link:
3) Choose the Site Pages library then click Next, now copy the address bar, this is the new alert link of Site Pages library:
4)Add the ID parameter of home page between ?list and &source in the URL, per my test is &ID=1 :
Now, we have captured the new alert URL for the SharePoint homepage, we can then add it as a news link in the homepage.
As a supplement, we could also get the link directly use Fiddler, when the list item alert dialog pop up, fiddler will capture the url as shown below:
More information for your reference:
https://docs.telerik.com/fiddler/Configure-Fiddler/Tasks/DecryptHTTPS
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