It looks like you have tried a number of steps to resolve this issue with Chrome not maintaining a persistent browser session.
Have you tried clearing the browser cache and cookies to see if that resolves the issue? Another suggestion would be to see if there are any browser extensions that may be conflicting with the persistent session and disabling them to see if that resolves the issue.
It may also be helpful to check the browser settings to see if there is an option to maintain persistent sessions or keep the browser logged in.
Lastly, it may be worth reaching out to the support team of the enterprise apps that you are using with SSO to see if they have any specific suggestions or troubleshooting steps to resolve the issue.