Please confirm: Do you mean you can open the SharePoint sites/pages from SharePoint Server (possibly WFE), but cannot connect to SharePoint on any other servers?
If that is the scenario, is the SharePoint site working properly? You can check the System Event Viewer to see if there is any error message.
If you are on a domain controller (DC), it is required to update the DNS entries on all other servers to keep them listening on the new IP address.
A similar post for your reference: Change IP Sharepoint Server.
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