Could you try below?
CREATE TABLE [User] ([username] VARCHAR(5), [customerId] VARCHAR(100));
INSERT INTO [User] ([username], [customerId])
VALUES ('Guido', '1,2,3');
CREATE TABLE Customer ([customerID] INT, [customer name] VARCHAR(9), [emailaddress] VARCHAR(22));
INSERT INTO Customer ([customerID], [customer name], [emailaddress])
VALUES (1, 'customer1', '******@customer1.de'), (2, 'customer2', '******@customer2.de'), (3, 'customer3', '******@customer1.de');
SELECT username, c.[customer name], c.EmailAddress
FROM [user]
CROSS APPLY string_split(customerId, ',') AS u
INNER JOIN Customer AS c ON u.value = c.customerID
Please don't forget to Accept Answer and Up-vote if the response helped -- Vaibhav