Hi,
From your description, I think the desktop support guy should set up Azure AD Join on your notebook. Once you can use your Azure hosted domain credentials to locally login to your work notebook, then you will be able to use the same credential to log via RDP.
So, for Azure AD deployment, we suggest you should post the question to the Azure Q&A forum.
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/answers/products/azure?product=all
I also find below articles for your reference:
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/user-help/user-help-join-device-on-network
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/devices/azureadjoin-plan
https://aadguide.azurewebsites.net/aadjoin/
https://xenit.se/tech-blog/join-windows-10-computer-azure-active-directory/
Hope above information can help you.
Thanks,
Eleven
----------
If the Answer is helpful, please click "Accept Answer" and upvote it. Thanks.