I'm Greg, an installation specialist and 8 year Windows MVP, here to help you.
Which boot device is set first in priority on the boot tab of the BIOS setup? Should be the windows hard drive.
So highlight those listings you show in screenshot and select them to see what they are.
Most important is you want to know the hard drive is detected, either there or in the Storage section. If it's not then it may have died.
You can also create bootable diagnostics to test the hard drive to know for certain it's condition. Run the Seatools bootable long test: http://blog.nowherelan.com/2013/04/04/boot-seat...
If it's failing then replace it with an SSD which is lightning fast - faster than a new higher end PC without one. Then do the Clean Install following the illustrated steps in this link which include everything that works best in Windows 10: http://answers.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wiki...
If the hard drive is present then everything possible is here for Troubleshooting Windows 10 Failure to Start: http://answers.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wiki...
If nothing else helps then create the bootable media to wipe the drive and do the vastly superior Clean Install: http://answers.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wiki...
Make sure during the booted install to follow the illustrated steps to delete all partitions down to Unallocated Space to get it cleanest, then click Next to let it auto-create the needed partitions, format them and begin install - this makes it foolproof.
You will get and keep the best possible install to the exact extent you stick with the steps, tools and methods in the linked tutorial. It's a better install than any amount of money could buy and a great learning experience that will make you the master of your PC.
I hope this helps. Feel free to ask back any questions and let us know how it goes. I will keep working with you until it's resolved.