Hello Marius - Roma
For basic printing architecture and how files are managed, you may refer to: Basic Printing Architecture - Microsoft Community Hub
The role of the Spooler: Print Spooler - Win32 apps | Microsoft Learn
I apologize for not being able to locate a dedicated document specifically introducing the printing process and components in Windows Server 2019 and 2022. I've only come across scattered articles during my search.
Printer Driver Architecture - Windows drivers | Microsoft Learn
Configure Print and Document Services | Microsoft Learn
Microsoft PostScript Printer Driver - Windows drivers | Microsoft Learn
Hope above helps!
Thanks,
Karlie Weng