For example:
Dim xlWs As Excel.Worksheet, wdApp As Word.Application, wdDoc As Word.Document, wdTbl As Word.Table
Dim r As Long, c As Long
Set xlWs = Activesheet: Set myDoc = wdApp.Documents(documentname)
With wdDoc
For Each wdTbl In .Tables ' Loop through each table in the document and stop when the first cell says attribute in it'
With wdTbl
If InStr(.Cell(1, 1).Range.Text, "Attribute") > 0 Then
'Populate this table and then populate the next few tables with different excel workbook ranges'
For r = 2 To 5
For c = 2 To 7
.Cell(r, c).Range.Text = xlWs.Range(r + 44, c + 2).Text
Next
Next
ElseIf InStr(.Cell(1, 1).Range.Text, "Quality") > 0 Then
For r = 2 To 4
For c = 2 To 9
.Cell(r, c).Range.Text = xlWs.Range(r + 5, c).Text
Next
Next
End If
End With
Next
End With
Note that I haven't included any of the code for instantiatiating Excel or Word, or for opening the document or workbook. It isn't at all clear from your post which application the code is being run from and, in any event, I assume you already the code for all of that.