This reminds me of an issue with a bad definition update back in March 2019
- https://techdows.com/2019/03/microsoft-security-essentials-windows-defender-0x800106ba-error.html
- https://www.askwoody.com/2019/windows-defender-security-definition-problems/
- https://answers.microsoft.com/en-us/protect/forum/all/microsoft-security-essentials-log-indicates-it/38f0cc95-d40d-4030-a1fc-36679010fcf9
- https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/microsoft-antimalware-crashing-with-error-0x800106ba-on-windows-7-and-8/
which was finally resolved by new definition updates.
Have you tried manually updating: