The fastest/easiest way to find whether the address is in use is via the Get-Recipient cmdlet:
Get-Recipient user@domain.com
Other than that, the UI has the "helpful" feature of checking for duplicate alias (mailNickname) values, so you might want to try creating the shared mailbox via PowerShell instead:
New-Mailbox -Name shared -PrimarySmtpAddress shared@domain.com -Shared