Yes, SSIS does by default use the Bulk Loading functionality in SQL Server, which does minimal logging. SELECT INTO can also do minimal logging, however. Minimal logging requires that your recovery model for the database isn't FULL (regardless of whether it is bulk loading or SELECT INTO).
It is difficult to say why SSIS was faster than SELECT INTO. One would want to play with it and try various things - without that we are left with speculation. One aspect is that the transaction log can be emptied every now and then with SSIS, depending on what batchsize/transactionsize you end up with - and that can somehow affect performance. But, again, too many aspects to do any precise reasoning.. :-)