I think the mailbox that you used is an Office 365 mailbox rather than Exchange on-premises mailbox.
To narrow down it, I would confirm below information about you:
- Do you use a hybrid environment? Whether is this mailbox an Office 365 mailbox?
- Hold "Ctrl" and click Outlook ICO, then check the "Connection Status" (You can post the result after removing domain name)
- You can also use "Test Email AutoConfiguration" to check the connection process
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