I performed WSUS maintenance tasks as advised on https://learn.microsoft.com/en-US/troubleshoot/mem/configmgr/wsus-maintenance-guide
- Created custom indexes on WSUS database
- Reindexed the WSUS database
- Run the WSUS Server Cleanup Wizard
Regarding the last task I can mention that we approve only about 30 updates per month including the updates that get automatically approved, which is a small number IMHO, and so we don't need to run the Cleanup Wizard every month.
Then, I installed KB5001382 (April 2021 Monthly Rollup) on the Windows Server. After the server rebooted, the same issue appeared again: no new status reports from Windows clients were displayed in WSUS Console.
In the Application Event Log I noticed an error from Windows Server Update Services, event ID 12002, saying "The Reporting Web Service is not working."
In IIS Manager I found out that Reporting Web Service is one of the web applications of the WSUS Administration website and obviously WSUS needs the application to work in order to receive status reports from WSUS clients.
In IIS Manager I restarted the WSUS Administration website and after that the Event Log showed another event from Windows Server Update Services saying "The Reporting Web Service is working correctly." which finally solved this problem.
I restarted the server one more time and the issue did not appear any more.