Azure IoT Central is a SaaS platform which brings it's own Device Provisioning Service, IoTHub and other Azure resources. Together, they provide a simple but yet powerful platform to register IoT devices and IoT Edge devices, show telemetry in charts and dashboards and offers rules and exports.
This means you do not have to bring your own IoT Hub.
If you still want to have your own IoT Hub and pass the messages to IoT Central, you need to build a 'bridge' like Azure IoT Central Device Bridge.
The internal IoT Hub is not directly exposed. You iether need to generate the (DPS) credentials for IoT Central devices yourself and used them to connect or use the (DPS) secrets provided at application level so you can create device connections from one single point (as seen in the bridge example).
You talk about a MQTT based connection. Is this a MQTT connection without using the SDK? Keep in mind that connecting to IoT Central works best with the SDKs provided.