Hi ChuikovUA
Welcome to Microsoft Community.
Based on your description, I understand that clicking on "Sign in" in the login screen will only bring you to a screen that displays the date and time, and I understand how you feel!
As it stands now, you should not be able to log in and access the system through your Microsoft account.
I will provide you with a link to a thread where you can try to access the system through the solution in this thread.
The link is: Locked out of PC by Windows 10 - The fix is here! - Microsoft Community
Although that thread is for Windows 10, I have personally tested it and it works for Windows 11 as well, there may be a slight difference, so please feel free to execute it.
In step 4 of that thread, please start by following the actions in the thread.
I will give you some other commands that can be executed as backup commands. Since your Microsoft account may have been corrupted, it is recommended that you create a local administrator account and log in to the system through the local administrator account.
Create a local account with administrator privileges and log into the system through that local account.
net user USERNAME PASSWORD /add
net localgroup administrators USERNAME /add
Please note: USERNAME PASSWORD can be replaced with your preferred account name and password, if you don't need a password you can leave out PASSWORD.
Enable the hidden administrator account:
net user administrator /active:yes
I sincerely hope that the above solution will solve your problem. Please feel free to contact me if you have any problems or still can't solve them. (Photos related to the question would be great!) .
I look forward to hearing back from you.
Best Regards
Arthur Sheng | Microsoft Community Support Specialist