But your credit card is registered with your Microsoft account?
If you open your account online and select Payment options it offers a link
Don't recognize a charge on your bank statement? https://account.microsoft.com/billing/payments however what is shown on your credit card statement may not really be from Microsoft if your account hasn't been used.
Does your bank offer an investigation. To be safe you should start by securing your Microsoft account with a secure password and add 2FA.
Edit: this may also help How to investigate a billing charge from Microsoft - Microsoft Support