I've decided to bite the bullet and I've tested through every service In the services tab of system configuration. I've found that the problem Is a microsoft service simply titled "server". Disabling this has completely fixed the problem but I can't find any information about it online as wouldn't you know it: searching for "server microsoft corporation" only yields results for the company's server hosting services and not the windows service.
As of now, my problem is solved, but I don't know if disabling this service will cause future problems on my pc. I suppose only time will tell and by then I likely may not recognize the root cause of the issues. At the very least, browsing files, deleting folders, and saving new files takes only moments once again instead of the many agonizing minutes along with the potential chance of file explorer crashing on me and taking a full ten minutes to reboot.