An issue has been identified with Hybrid Azure AD joined devices that have enabled multi-factor authentication (MFA). If a user signs into a device using their Active Directory account and MFA is enabled, the device will not successfully upgrade to their Windows Enterprise subscription.
To resolve this issue:
If the device is running Windows 10, version 1703, 1709, or 1803, the user must either sign in with an Azure AD account, or you must disable MFA for this user during the 30-day polling period and renewal.
If the device is running Windows 10, version 1809 or later:
Windows 10, version 1809 must be updated with KB4497934. Later versions of Windows 10 automatically include this patch.
When the user signs in on a Hybrid Azure AD joined device with MFA enabled, a notification will indicate that there is a problem. Click the notification and then click Fix now to step through the subscription activation process
Also check this similar case:
Windows 10 Professional Hybrid Azure AD joined will not update to Enterprise when license assigned - Microsoft Q&A
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/answers/questions/29465/windows-10-professional-hybrid-azure-ad-joined-wil.html
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