Hi and thanks for reaching out. My name is Bernard a Windows fan like you. I'll be happy to help you out today.
I understand the issue you have, there is nothing to worry I am here to help, this usually happens due to misconfiguration of update components, since you have done basic troubleshooting steps, I suggest doing an in-place upgrade wherein it will upgrade the device to the latest version and repair all issues without deleting any files.
Kindly follow the steps from this link:
https://answers.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/for...
Let me know how it goes and I hope that helps.
Bernard